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Welcome in the GARWER wasteXchange download section.
Here you will find some interesting reports and documents (in pdf format) regarding waste management and recycling.
This section is updated very frequently.
If you want to be up to date about waste management and recycling, you can subscribe our newsletters by clicking on the following links:
Newsletter of the WasteXchange web site (EN) | Newsletter of the borsarifiuti.com web sita (ITA)
See also the Download section of the Italian wastexchange web site.
Highlighted publications
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The Compelling Facts About Plastics 2007
An analysis of plastics production, demand and recovery for 2007 in Europe.
Source: Plastics Europe | Date: Oct. 2008
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Scrap Specifications Circular 2007
ISRI's Scrap Specifications Circular 2007 provides guidelines to help in trading processed scrap materials. The Circular covers grades and classifications of scrap; preparation and transportation of materials; and rules and procedures for adding, amending, or withdrawing the specifications. The Circular also discusses the arbitration service available through ISRI.
Source: ISRI | Date: 2007
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WTE - Waste to Energy
European Waste-to-Energy Plants
This data is from a study on “Energy from Waste Statistics, State-of-the-Art-Report, 5th Edition August 2006” carried out by ISWA’s Thermal Treatment Working Group.
If you would like a full copy of this study please visit ISWA web site
Italy | Austria | Belgium | Czech Republich | Denmark | Finland | France | Germany | Hungary | Netherlands | Norway | Portugal | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | UK
Source: CEWEP | Date: August 2006
MRF - Material Recovery Facility
Material Recovery Facility Guidance
Materials recovery facilities (MRFs) are increasingly important in providing quality raw materials to industry. More and more local authorities are sending materials to MRFs and WRAP (not for profit company created in 2000 as part of the Government's waste strategies across the United Kingdom) has drawn together good practice guidance on MRF operations, MRF costs and contractual arrangements with MRFs.
Source: WRAP web site| Date: September 2006
Tyres Recycling
Using waste tyre rubber in retreads at high inclusion rates
WRAP (UK - Waste & Resources Action Programme) commissioned and funded a project to investigate the recycling of rubber from used tyres, and it’s incorporation into a new compound for use in retreading large commercial and industrial tyres. The raw product used to manufacture tyres and rubber products is a mixture of virgin rubber and synthetic additives and is described as a compound. To date, technologies used in the manufacture of rubber compound have only achieved small percentages of inclusion of recycled rubber. Rubber Recovery (RR), a Barnsley-based recycling business, and Envirogen Technologies Ltd, the global development partner for Rubber Research Elastomerics Inc., owners of the proposed technology, suggested the use of a novel process that recycles rubber from waste tyres to produce a compound mixture of recycled rubber and virgin materials for use in retreading truck and earthmover tyres.
Source:
WRAP - UK Waste & Resources Action Programme | Date: November 2007
Composite construction products from waste tyres
In November 2005, BRE was commissioned by WRAP to identify applications for waste tyres in construction products. The principal objective of the project was to use tyre waste to develop and provide industry with a number of new sustainable, viable, low-cost composite construction products that are easy to manufacture. The aim of the project was to contribute to the remit of WRAP to reduce the volume of waste tyres going to landfill, and to research new market opportunities for waste tyre-derived materials. The project was completed in March 2007
Source:
WRAP - UK Waste & Resources Action Programme | Date: March 2007
Report on Tyre rubber in synthetic roof tiles
Recycling waste car tyres and plastic into cost effective, sturdy replica roof slates.
Source:
WRAP - UK Waste & Resources Action Programme | Date: March 2007
Scrap Tyre Markets in the United States
This RMA report (Rubber Manufacturers Association) is the eighth in a serier of biennal reports analyzing the state scrap tire management in the United States
Source: RMA web site | Date: November 2006
Used Tyres Material Flows and Market Analysis - Market Disruption Planning
In January 2006 Oakdene Hollins Ltd (OHL) presented a report to the Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) setting out the findings of a market study of used tyre arisings, recovery and disposal volumes in the UK in 2004. This report is based on the data generated by that study and describes a set of possible change scenarios and their potential effects on the market.
Source: WRAP - UK Waste & Resources Action Programme | Date: June 2006
End of life tyres - A valuable resources with a wealth of potential: 2006 Report
This ETRMA report (the European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association) presents the situation of end-of-life tyres in the enlarged EU for 2004 and sets out to demonstrate the progress that has ben made over the last decade by the European tyre manufacturers to address, in a responsible manner, the issue of end-of-life tyres.
Source: ETRMA web site | Date: March 2006
UK Used Tyre Market Report 2004 Report
This report is the result of a detailed study of the UK used tyre market in 2004 carried out by Oakdene Hollins Limited for the Waste & Resources Action Programme.
Source:
WRAP - UK Waste & Resources Action Programme | Date: January 2006
Scrap Tire Cleanup Guidebook
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the state of Illinois have created the Scrap Tire Cleanup Guidebook, A Resource for Solid Waste Managers Across the United States. The guidebook, has been written for tire manufacturers, state and local government, regulators, auto recyclers and collectors.
Source: EPA Web site | Date: January 2006
New Products Incorporating Tyre Materials
This project, supported by the Investment Belfast Full Circle ABC Fund, aimed to identify
applications (products and processes) using rubber from waste tyres with the potential to
create new markets for the recycled tyre rubber identified as requiring disposal through
recycling operations in Northern Ireland. Project partners were the QUESTOR Centre
Applied Technology Unit, R4 Ltd and QUBtest.
Source: Investment Belfast | Date: April 2005
Increasing the Recycled Content in New Tires
The California Integrated Waste Management Board’s five-year tire plan allocated funds to research increasing the recycled content in new tires in an effort to further reduce the number of waste tires requiring disposal. This report examines the potential for increasing recycled content, addressing technology and market issues, what barriers exist, and what has been done to date on this subject. Report recommendations were presented at CIWMB’s May 2004 Board meeting.
Source: CIWMB | Date: May 2004
Recycled Rubber Products in Landscaping Applications
Rubber from scrap tires is a waste material that is ideal for use in landscaping applications. By
using recycled rubber products, landscapers can create cost-effective, high-quality, and
environmentally beneficial projects. The landscaping market is potentially large enough to
recover all the scrap tires that are currently discarded in landfills or tire piles.
Source: US EPA web site | Date: May 2003
HA oils in automotive tyres - prospects of a national ban
The Swedish Government has commissioned the National Chemicals
Inspectorate to investigate the prospects of a Swedish ban on the use of
highly aromatic oils (HA oils) in automotive tyres.
Source: US EPA web site | Date: March 2003
Canada: national guideline on products made from recycled rubber
Pursuant to paragraph 54 (1)(b) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Environment Canada has been published the following national guideline on products made from recycled rubber under the auspices of the Environmental ChoiceM Program (ECP).
Source: environmentalchoice.com | Date: Jan 1996
Canada: Market Status Report: Waste Tires
One of a series of reports that examine market barriers to recycling postconsumer materials and strategies to overcome these barriers. These reports were produced in conjunction with the market development plan Meeting the 50 Percent Challenge: Recyling Market Development Strategies Through the Year 2000.
Source: ciwmb.ca.gov | Date: October 1996
Battery Recycling
Substitution of rechargeable NiCd batteries
A background document to evaluate the possibilities of finding alternatives to NiCd batteries
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: Aug. 2000
Impact assessment on selected policy options for revision of the battery directive
The purpose of the study is to perform an analysis of economic, environmental and social impacts of different policy options about batteries and accumulators, in the framework of an extended impact
assessment.
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: July 2003
Mining and Querrying waste management
Management of mining, quarrying and ore-processing waste in the European Union
At the request of the Environment Directorate-General of the European Commission,
BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières) has conducted a study on the
management of mining, quarrying and ore-processing waste in the European Union
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: December 2001
A study on the costs of improving the management of mining waste
This is the Final Report of a study into the costs of improving the management of mining
waste. It was not carried out in isolation, but in parallel with a consultation process being run
by the Directorate General for the Environment of the European Commission (DG ENV) and a
technical review process coordinated by the European Integrated Pollution Prevention and
Control Bureau (EIPPCB) in Sevilla
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: October 2001
Olils waste management
Critical Review of Existing Studies and Life Cycle Analysis on the Regeneration and Incineration of Waste Oils
One of the main axes of the Council Directive 75/439/EC on Waste Oils (WO), amended in 1987, is that, among the different options for recovery, priority is given to the regeneration of WO over their incineration.
But several studies clearly demonstrate that Member States (MS) do not favour regeneration of WO, but on the contrary are widely using WO as fuel in industrial installations.
Launched by the EC in the frame of the revision of this amended directive, the main objective of this study is to undertake a thorough technico-economic and environmental analysis of the literature available about the regeneration of WO and its comparison with their incineration.
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: December 2001
Biological Waste Treatment
Economic analysis of options for managing biodegradable municipal waste
The main objective of the study is to conduct an economic evaluation, that considers both private and social welfare costs and benefits, of existing options for managing the biodegradable fraction of
municipal solid waste.
Source: EUROPA web site
Applyng Compost Benefits and Needs
The Environment Directorate-General of the European Commission and the
Ministry for Agriculture & Forestry, Environment & Water Management of the
Republic of Austria organised a scientific seminar on "Applying Compost -
Benefits and Needs" in Brussels on 22 and 23 November 2001.
The seminar was the occasion to present a literature research on
"Evaluation of Sustainable Beneficial Effects of Compost on Soil Fertility and
Soil Productivity" carried out by a study group composed by DI Florian
Amlinger (Compost - Consulting & Development, A), Dr. Peter Dreher, Karlheinz
Weinfurtner (Fraunhofer Institute Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, D)
and Professor Stephen Nortcliff (Department of Soil Science, University of
Reading, UK).
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: November 2001
Construction and Demolition Waste
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices and their Economic Impacts
The European Commission has funded a report called "Construction and demolition waste management practices and their economic impacts". The project was undertaken by SYMONDS GROUP (United Kingdom) in association with ARGUS (Germany), COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners (Denmark) and PRC Bouwcentrum (the Netherlands).
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: February 1999
Household waste
Study on hazardous household waste with a main emphasis on hazardous chemicals
The aim of this study is to evaluate national experiences of the management of hazardous products likely to become hazardous household waste (HHW), and to make proposals for strategies for the appropriate management of such products within a lifecycle perspective.
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: July 2002
Landfill
Economic Valuation of Environment Externalities from Landfill Disposal and Incineration of Waste
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is increasingly being used as a tool to produce information for policy makers on the costs and benefits of environmental legislation. In the field of waste management, some elements of CBA are better researched than others. However, policy makers need information on the whole range of impacts in order to make balanced decisions. This study therefore focuses on areas where information is not readily available, in particular on the valuation of environmental externalities from landfill disposal and incineration of waste. The study extensively reviews existing literature on this subject. It gives an overview of the main externalities, pathways and impacts of emissions. The main economic valuation techniques are described, including a presentation of key standard values in table form. The underlying assumptions and uncertainties of these standard values are discussed in detail. Finally, some calculation examples are included to illustrate the possible use of these data.
Source: EUROPA web site | Date: October 2000
Plastics Recycling
The Compelling Facts About Plastics 2007
An analysis of plastics production, demand and recovery for 2007 in Europe
Source: Plastics Europe |
Date: Oct 2008
Technological Reference Paper on Recycling Plastics
State-of-the-art of waste plastics recycling and recovery options. The report analyses the outlets for recovered plastics from different waste streams and the existing bottlenecks that hinder the growth of the plastic waste recovery rate in Europe
Source: Virtual European Recycling Center |
Date: May 2005
PVC
Vynil 2010 Progress Report 2006
Vynil 2010 is the legal entity that provides the organisational structure and financial resources to implement the European PVC industry’s Voluntary Commitment.
Detailed research on EU waste markets, completed in 2005, indicates that Vinyl 2010 is the principal
initiative for waste collection and recycling not governed by EU legislation. However, these studies also
supplied evidence that the quantities of PVC waste that is both available and collectable is substantially
lower than estimated at the start of the programme in 2000
Source: vinyl2010.org | Date: 2006
Life cycle assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials
The overall goal of the study was to compile an overview of the publicly available information
on Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) on PVC and competing materials, for a variety of applications,
in order to assess existing information and to identify information gaps.
Source: Europa Web site | Date: July 2004
Economic evaluation of PVC waste management
This study presents the main economic implications of diverting some relevant PVC waste streams from incineration to alternative options such as landfill and mechanical recycling. The analysis is based on three different scenarios. For each scenario the financial costs avoided and incurred are estimated, and the major environmental burdens are identified and quantified. As far as possible, the external costs are calculated and then compared with the results of the financial analysis. All the 15 Member states plus six accession countries are covered by the study.
The study was undertaken by AEA Technology (United Kingdom)
Source: Europa Web site | Date: June 2000
Mechanical recycling of PVC wastes
This study presents the current situation of mechanical recycling of PVC waste, as well as a detailed description of the existing recycling schemes of PVC waste. The study gives an assessment of the economic, technical and environmental aspects of the mechanical recycling of PVC waste. All 15 Member States are covered by the analysis. In addition, the study estimates the future quantities of PVC waste and, in the context of various scenarios, the future quantities of recycled PVC waste. Potential national and Community measures to increase the recycling of PVC waste are also identified.
The study was undertaken by Prognos (Switzerland) in association with Plastic Consult (Italy) and COWI (Denmark).
Source: Europa Web site | Date: January 2000
The behaviour of PVC in landfill
This study carries out an analysis of the behaviour of PVC waste in landfills. An estimation of the quantities of PVC waste landfilled annually is presented. The study provides a survey of existing literature on the behaviour of PVC in landfills, in particular the behaviour of additives present in PVC waste (heavy metals, phthalates). In addition, practical experiments have been carried out in order to simulate in laboratory conditions the behaviour of PVC waste present in landfills.
The study was undertaken by ARGUS (Germany), Prof. Spillmann (University of Rostock, Germany), Carl Bro (Denmark) and Sigma Plan (Greece).
Source: Europa Web site | Date: February 2000
The influence of PVC on the quantity and hazardousness of flue gas cleaning residues from incineration
This study carries out an analysis of the behaviour of PVC waste in landfills. An estimation of the quantities of PVC waste landfilled annually is presented. The study provides a survey of existing literature on the behaviour of PVC in landfills, in particular the behaviour of additives present in PVC waste (heavy metals, phthalates). In addition, practical experiments have been carried out in order to simulate in laboratory conditions the behaviour of PVC waste present in landfills.
The study was undertaken by ARGUS (Germany), Prof. Spillmann (University of Rostock, Germany), Carl Bro (Denmark) and Sigma Plan (Greece).
Source: Europa Web site | Date: April 2000
Chemical Recycling of Plastic waste (PVC and Other Resin)
This study presents the existing technologies, both industrial plants and pilot projects, for chemical recycling (feedstock recycling) and related technologies for plastics waste, including PVC waste, as well as the quantities currently treated. All 15 Member States are covered by the analysis. The study gives an assessment of the economic, technical and environmental aspects of the various technologies. In addition, the study estimates the potential quantities available for chemical recycling for various plastics waste streams with low and high PVC content.
The study was undertaken by TNO (The Netherlands).
Source: Europa Web site | Date: December 1999
Sludge
Disposal and recycling routes for sewage sludge
Part 1 - Sludge use acceptance report: Executive summary, part1, part2
Part 2 - Regulatory report: Executive summary, part1, part2
Part 3 - Scientific and technical report - Executive summary, part1, part2, annex
Part 4 - Economic report - Executive summary, full report
The report on "Disposal and recycling routes for sewage sludge" is composed of four parts. Part 1 deals with the perception by stakeholders of the issues related to sludge use in agriculture and disposal. Part 2 is a survey of current regulations in Member States and selected Accession Countries. Part 3 contains a scientific and technical description of the impacts related to sludge use and disposal. Part 4 builds up on the scientific results of part 3 and aims at producing an overall cost/benefit assessment of the different use/disposal routes as well as an evaluation of costs associated with the prevention of pollution at source.
Source: Europa Web site | Date: February 2002
Organic contaminants in sewage sludge for agriculture use
This study gives an overview of the most recent literature on the subject. There seem to be
more than a thousand publications. However there are only few field data, especially from
studies on soil-water and soil-plant transfer and on the long-term behaviour of contaminants
in soils.
Source: Europa Web site | Date: October 2001
Evaluation of sludge treatments for pathogen reduction
This report identifies for a number of different types of sludges those pathogens that may present a risk to human, animal or plant health. It considers the factors in sludge treatment processes, particularly the newer processes, that influence lethal effects on pathogens, and makes recommendations for the parameters to be applied to these processes to produce treated sludges that present minimum risk.
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